In the research and development of lithium-ion batteries, improving the safety of use has always been a focus of research. Due to the high mass to energy ratio and the fact that most electrolytes are organic inflammables, safety issues may arise when the heat generation rate of the battery exceeds the heat dissipation rate. Research has pointed out that lithium-ion batteries may reach temperatures above 700 ° C during abuse, leading to smoke, fire, and even explosion of the battery; When the discharge reaches below 1V, copper will precipitate on the surface of the positive electrode, causing an internal short circuit in the battery; Under overcurrent conditions, the internal temperature of the battery is also prone to increase, leading to deterioration or even damage to battery performance. Figure 1.1.1 shows the chemical reactions and performance changes inside lithium-ion batteries under overcharging and discharging conditions, where M represents metal ions such as Co, Al, Ni, etc.

　　To improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries, in addition to conducting in-depth mechanism research, selecting appropriate electrode materials, and optimizing the overall structure, it is also necessary to effectively manage the battery through integrated circuits (ICs) on the periphery of the battery. There are reports that in recent years, Battery Management chips are expected to grow the fastest in both sales and sales among Power Management chips. The management objectives of lithium-ion batteries include monitoring battery voltage, charging and discharging current, temperature monitoring, data calculation, and storage. The system that manages chips, including protection circuits, fuel detection circuits, and the ability to transmit battery data, is called the Smart Battery System (SBS). In addition to effectively protecting the battery, SBS can also output residual energy signals (which can be displayed on LCD), which will be the main goal of the development of lithium-ion battery management chips. At present, the protocols for SBS applications have developed to SBdata1.1 (data protocol) and SMbus2.0 (bus protocol), and in laptops such as IBM and Sony, several models have adopted SBS based on battery protection circuits.

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