Firstly, it is necessary to study a battery management system, with a microcontroller as the core and a vehicle network as a distributed system. Then study the sensing, as it is necessary to detect the parameters of the battery. General detection of voltage, current, and temperature. The transmission of data and control requires a network, usually using a CAN network. The actuator is implemented through display screens, relays, fans, pumps, motors, etc.

　　With a management implementation system, it is necessary to manage the operating system. The management of batteries can be divided into three processes: discharge, charging, and quiescence. Staying still involves temperature and safety management. Charging involves the configuration of charging parameters, monitoring of the charging process, and protection of temperature, voltage, and current during the charging process. The discharge process involves the management of output power, electricity planning, and the management of voltage, current, and temperature during use.

　　Both charging and discharging require reference to the same parameter, which is the remaining available power, also known as the state of charge (SOC). The discharge process of lithium-ion batteries is a complex electrochemical process that is influenced by many factors, making it difficult to estimate the remaining charge. The difficulties mainly come from the following aspects:

　　One is that the capacity of the battery is not fixed, and under identical experiences and state parameters, the capacity of the battery is not fixed; Secondly, the aging of the battery cannot be determined, and the aging of the battery cannot be accurately calibrated at any time. The degree of dispersion within the battery pack cannot also be accurately calibrated at any time; The third is the randomness of the usage process. The literature introduces various estimation methods for SOC.

　　During the use of lithium-ion battery packs, even if the performance of a single battery is superior, there may be inconsistencies between the individual cells. The characteristics of the battery pack may also change during use. Currently, there is no effective solution to the phenomenon of dispersion between the individual cells in the battery pack. Therefore, external solutions are needed to solve the balance problem of each individual lithium-ion battery in the battery pack.

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