Charging equalization is the process of fully charging each individual battery with a small charger at the end of the charging process. Due to the difficulty of SOC measurement, energy transfer equilibrium has not yet entered practical products despite many research and development efforts.

　　Of course, achieving this in the battery management system is not enough. The temperature of the battery will rise during use, and if the temperature is too high, lithium-ion batteries cannot continue to be used, which is an undesirable situation. Therefore, the initial battery management system added the function of heat dissipation management. Later on, it was discovered that the charging and discharging of the battery could not continue even after the temperature was too low in a low-temperature environment, so heating management was carried out.

　　The further expansion of battery usage has led to an increase in battery safety issues, leading to the issue of safety management. The initial safety management was monitoring, where BMS sends battery data to the monitoring center, which determines safety hazards based on the data. Further development to provide early warning for the safety of BMS itself.

　　Measurement is the foundation of battery management, and increasingly accurate and high-resolution technologies are applied to battery management systems. The research on SOC estimation has also evolved from the monochromatic ampere hour integral to other methods such as Joule integral. The management functions of batteries are increasing, and the rise of multi-level battery management systems is worth noting.

　　From a master-slave structure, each independent replacement unit can have a complete battery management system function. Outside of the battery system, vehicle battery management and backend server battery management programs are also emerging. In addition, it is worth noting that battery management systems are no longer passive in protecting batteries, but optimize usage and usage environment. Temperature management is to optimize the usage environment, and parameter inference is to optimize usage. With the development of the industry, we can expect more and better battery management technologies and products to emerge.

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