Lithium ion batteries refer to batteries made of four main materials and shells: positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and electrolyte. The positive and negative electrode materials must be able to reversibly embed and remove lithium ions, the separator must be lithium ion conductive and electronic insulated, and the electrolyte must be a lithium ion solution.

　　Usually, a transition element undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction in the positive electrode material, while metallic lithium and carbon negative electrodes undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction in metallic lithium. During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions transfer back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes inside the battery, and the battery moves in the external circuit. Some people vividly refer to this lithium-ion transfer process as a rocking chair, while lithium-ion batteries are referred to as rocking chair batteries.

　　The positive electrode material of lithium-ion batteries generally uses lithium embedded transition metal oxides, such as Ni, Co, and Mn lithium embedded oxides. Negative electrode materials should choose lithium intercalation compounds with potentials as close as possible to metallic lithium, such as various carbon materials, SnO, SnO2, silicon alloys, etc.

　　Electrolytes commonly use LiPF6 solutions, with organic solutes such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and low-density ethylene carbonate (DEC); The diaphragm is mainly made of porous composite membranes made of olefin polymers; The shell materials include steel, aluminum, plastic, aluminum plastic film, etc.

　　Typical parameters of lithium-ion batteries include capacity, internal resistance, and voltage; The characteristic parameters of lithium-ion batteries include cycle life, discharge platform, self discharge rate, temperature performance, storage performance, etc. The safety tests for lithium-ion batteries include overcharging, short circuit, puncture, drop, immersion, low voltage, vibration, etc.

　　Lithium ion batteries are relatively delicate, and their charging and discharging are a multivariable, nonlinear and complex electrochemical process. If the charging and discharging conditions cannot be met, it is easy to experience events such as rapid decline in lifespan, performance degradation, ignition, explosion, etc. because lithium-ion batteries are sensitive to temperature, voltage, current, etc.

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