New phase change materials, a new force in the thermal management system of power CR1632 battery

Lithium-ion batteries have become the main power source for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles due to their high energy and high power density. At the same time, high power also brings more heat. However, CR1632 battery are very sensitive to temperature. Too high or too low operating temperature will affect the performance and life of the battery. An effective and compact thermal management system (TMS) is needed to manage its extreme temperature rise. Active TMS and passive TMS are two popular thermal management technologies.

Active thermal management requires energy-driven thermal management systems, including: forced air cooling, water cooling, heat pipe cooling, etc., which are more common cooling methods. Passive thermal management, on the other hand, is characterized by no energy consumption, including natural cooling, phase change material cooling, etc.

Active thermal management Tran et al. designed a heat pipe module for thermal management of lithium-ion batteries. They found that heat pipes plus different ventilation methods proved to be an effective thermal management solution for HEV batteries. Greco et al.

Developed a one-dimensional transient model that combines the heat pipe model with the thermal circuit. They demonstrated that the temperature of lithium-ion batteries dropped from 52°C to 28°C by using a one-dimensional transient model. Mohammadian et al. embedded aluminum foam into heat sinks to cool lithium-ion batteries. They found that the surface temperature of lithium-ion batteries was significantly reduced after using aluminum foam inside the heat sink compared to the case without aluminum foam. Zhao et al. used a liquid cooling cylinder to cool lithium-ion batteries.

They used a hydraulic cylinder to keep the surface temperature of 42 cylindrical batteries below 40°C. All of the above active cooling methods are expensive due to the addition of heat pumps, radiators, fan components, etc. Passive thermal management Passive thermal management (such as phase change materials) has received increasing attention in recent years because it is efficient, compact and lightweight.

Phase change materials (PCMs) store heat in the form of latent heat. The media with large latent heat are mainly water, paraffin, and some other inorganic salts. During latent heat storage, PCM undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid or liquid to gas at an almost constant temperature.

PCM is applied to TMS system, and generally has the following requirements:

1) Appropriate phase change temperature, large phase change latent heat, and appropriate thermal conductivity (generally large);

2) No melting phenomenon should occur during the phase change process to avoid changes in the chemical composition of the phase change medium;

3) The reversibility of the phase change should be good, the supercooling should be as small as possible, and the performance should be stable;

4) Non-toxic, non-corrosive, and non-polluting;

5) Safe to use, not flammable, explosive, or oxidatively deteriorated;

6) Faster crystallization speed and crystal growth speed.

7) Physical performance requirements: low vapor pressure; small volume expansion rate; high density;

8) Economic performance requirements: easy to purchase raw materials and cheap prices.

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