Lithium batteries are a type of battery made of lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive/negative electrode materials, using non aqueous electrolyte solutions. Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, M S. Whittingham proposed and began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, preservation, and use of lithium metal have high environmental requirements. With the development of science and technology, lithium battery customization has become the mainstream.

　　Lithium battery customization can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth generation product of rechargeable batteries, lithium metal batteries, was born in 1996. Their safety, specific capacity, self discharge rate, and cost-effectiveness are all superior to lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high technological requirements, only a few companies in a few countries are producing this type of lithium metal battery.

　　Next, let's introduce the reasons why more and more people are choosing lithium batteries for customization:

　　1. The energy ratio is relatively high. It has a high storage energy density, currently reaching 460-600Wh/kg, which is about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries;

　　2. Long service life, with a service life of over 6 years. The battery with lithium ferrous phosphate as the positive electrode is charged and discharged at 1C (100% DOD), with a record of being able to be used 10000 times

　　3. The rated voltage is high (the individual working voltage is 3.7V3.2V), which is approximately equal to the series voltage of three nickel cadmium or nickel hydrogen rechargeable batteries, making it easy to form a battery power pack;

　　4. It has high power endurance, among which the lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery used in electric vehicles can reach a charging and discharging capacity of 15-30C, facilitating high-intensity starting acceleration;

　　5. The low self discharge rate is one of the most prominent advantages of this battery. Currently, it can generally achieve 1% per month, which is much lower than 25-30% of Ni Cd and 30-35% of Ni and MH.

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