Li/SOCl2 batteries consist of a lithium negative electrode, a carbon positive electrode, and a non aqueous SOCl2: LiAlCl4 electrolyte. Sulfonyl chloride is both an electrolyte and a positive electrode active substance. Other electrolyte salts, such as LiAlCl4, have been used in specially designed batteries, but the electrode performance varies depending on the electrolyte formula. The composition of the negative electrode, positive electrode, and SOCl2 should be selected by the manufacturer based on the expected performance of the battery.

　　Sulfur and sulfur dioxide dissolve in an excess of sulfuryl chloride electrolyte, and during discharge, there is a certain degree of pressure generated due to the production of sulfur dioxide. During storage, once the lithium negative electrode comes into contact with the electrolyte, it reacts with the thionyl chloride electrolyte to generate LiCl, which is protected by the LiCl film formed on top of it. This passivation film is beneficial for extending the storage life of batteries, but it can cause voltage hysteresis at the beginning of discharge. After long-term storage at high temperatures, the voltage hysteresis phenomenon is particularly evident when discharged at low temperatures.

　　The low freezing point (-110 ℃) and high boiling point (78.8 ℃) of the electrolyte enable the battery to operate over a wide temperature range. As the temperature decreases, the conductivity of the electrolyte only slightly decreases. Li/SOCl2 batteries are toxic and flammable in certain components, so it is important to avoid decomposing the battery or exposing the battery and its components to the air with the exhaust valve open.

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