Atomic battery is also called "radioisotope battery". It is made by transforming the heat energy of the radiation with heat energy continuously emitted by the isotope in the decay process into electrical energy through a semiconductor transducer. Atomic battery has been successfully used as power supply for spacecraft, pacemaker and some special military purposes.

　　The technology of Atomic battery was developed by Henry Moseley as early as 1913, which made many scientists expect that this technology can be used in space instruments. However, due to the inability to improve energy efficiency, nanotechnology has been focused on developing more effective semiconductors.

　　Atomic battery can be roughly divided into two types, namely thermal conversion Atomic battery and non thermal conversion Atomic battery. The thermal conversion type uses isotopes that emit a lot of heat energy (such as plutonium 238, curium 244 and curium 242) to produce electricity through the Thermoelectric effect or Photoelectric effect (absorbing the infrared ray of the self heated isotope). The non thermal conversion Atomic battery uses the β Particles, that is, they use electrons directly to generate electricity, but do not use heat to generate electricity, so they are called non thermal conversion Atomic battery.

　　The energy efficiency of thermal conversion Atomic battery is 0.1~5%, while that of non thermal conversion Atomic battery is 6~8%.

　　It was reported in 1975 that the first atomic battery (atomic battery, or Atomic battery) was being tested abroad. This atomic battery, which can output 20 watts and has a mass of 1398 kg, has sunk into the seabed of the North Sea to supply power to nearby ocean measurement stations.

　　This type of battery is sealed in a cylinder with a length of 84cm, a diameter of 69cm, and a lead outer wall thickness of 10cm. Its core component is strontium 90. When strontium decays, it generates heat energy equivalent to 300W, which is then converted into electrical energy through a thermoelectric generator. The final output electrical power is 20W and the voltage is 28V. It is said that this type of atomic battery does not require maintenance and can be used for at least 5 years, with an estimated lifespan of 10 years.

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