A battery consists of four parts: positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator.

　　Most battery companies are clustered in the production of positive electrode materials, and traditional consumer electronics products typically use high energy density lithium cobalt oxide (LCO). The research and development innovation cycle of positive electrode materials is very fast, with a general increase of 5% in energy density every year. However, this innovation is very gradual and scattered, and different applications and enterprises will choose different positive electrodes.

　　In terms of the negative electrode, innovation is relatively much more difficult, with a major breakthrough usually occurring every 10 to 20 years. This is also why the negative electrode determines which generation the battery belongs to, "said Dr. Hu Qichao.

　　The negative electrode is mainly made of graphite, with the advantages of being very mature and cheap, and the disadvantage of having a low energy density. Among negative electrode suppliers, there is almost no technological difference, mainly relying on cost reduction to compete. The electrolyte exhibits a very diverse and dispersed trend, but the differences between different products are very small. Some core technologies in the field of diaphragm are mainly controlled by Japanese and American enterprises, with high profits. However, with the advancement of advanced technology, their advantages and monopoly position are gradually disappearing.

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