Scientific and reasonable charging and discharging strategies can improve the energy utilization efficiency of batteries. At present, the charging method with the best comprehensive performance is that the battery management system and the charger coordinate with each other for series charging. Through BMS monitoring the ambient temperature of the battery pack, the voltage and current, consistency and temperature rise of the single battery, data sharing is achieved with the charger, and the output current is changed in real time, which can prevent the battery from overcharging and optimize the charging. This charging mode is the mainstream at present, which can eliminate the problems of poor consistency, low charging efficiency and inability to fully charge the lithium battery pack to a certain extent.

　　The uneven distribution of heat production and heat dissipation of each single battery in the battery pack will cause the temperature of the battery itself, some areas of the battery pack and the environment to be inconsistent. If not controlled, the temperature difference inside the battery pack will continue to expand, thus accelerating the decline of battery performance. Therefore, thermal management of the battery pack is required.

　　Thermal management system usually requires compact structure, light weight, easy packaging, reliability, low cost and easy maintenance. Its functions are: to make the battery run in the most appropriate temperature range; Reduce the temperature difference between batteries, within modules and between modules. Thermal management is divided into active and passive modes. The heat conduction medium used in the system can be divided into three categories: air, liquid and phase change material

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