Technical knowledge of CR1632 battery maintenance during use

Have technical knowledge of lithium-ion battery maintenance during use

How should we properly maintain the lithium-ion battery of our mobile phone? This question has been bothering many loyal users of mobile phones. After consulting some data, I had the opportunity to consult a doctoral student in electrochemistry and the director of a well-known battery research institute in my country not long ago. Now write some recent knowledge and relevant experience for your readers.

The positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery is usually composed of active compound lithium, while the negative electrode is carbon with a special molecular structure. An important component of commonly used anode materials is LiCoO2. During charging, the potential on the electrode forces the anode compound to release lithium ions and embed them into the carbon, and the anode molecules are arranged in a laminar structure. During discharge, lithium ions separate from carbon in the layered structure and recombine with the anode compound. The movement of lithium ions produces current.

Although the principle of the chemical reaction is simple, there are many practical problems to consider in actual industrial production. The material with the positive electrode needs to be added with additives to maintain the activity of repeated charges, while the material with the negative electrode needs to be designed at the molecular structure level to accommodate more lithium ions. In addition to maintaining stability, the electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes must also have good conductivity to reduce the internal resistance of the battery.

Although lithium-ion batteries rarely have the memory effect of nickel-cadmium batteries, the memory effect is based on crystallization, and lithium-ion batteries almost do not have such reactions. However, the capacity of lithium-ion batteries will still decrease after multiple charges, and the reasons are complex and diverse. The important reason is the change of the anode and cathode materials themselves. From a molecular level, the hole structure containing lithium ions in the positive and negative electrodes will gradually collapse and block. From a chemical point of view, it is the active passivation of the anode and cathode materials, and other stable compounds will occur as a side reaction. There are also some actual situations where the anode material gradually falls off, which ultimately reduces the number of lithium ions that can move freely in the battery during charging and discharging.

Overcharging and discharging, causing permanent damage to the electrodes of lithium-ion batteries at the molecular level, can be intuitively understood that the anode carbon discharge will cause excessive release of lithium ions and the collapse of its layer structure, and overcharging will force too many lithium ions into the structure of the cathode carbon and make some lithium ions no longer releaseable. This is why lithium-ion batteries are usually equipped with charge and discharge control circuits.

Improper temperature will trigger other chemical reactions inside the lithium-ion battery, resulting in unwanted compounds, so many lithium-ion batteries are equipped with a temperature control film or electrolyte additives for protection between the positive and negative electrodes. When the battery is heated to a certain degree, the composite membrane pores are closed or the electrolyte is denatured, the internal resistance of the battery increases until the circuit is disconnected and the battery is no longer heated, ensuring the normal charging temperature of the battery.

But can deep charging increase the actual capacity of lithium-ion batteries? Experts told me unequivocally that this is meaningless. They even said that the so-called activation of the first three full charges seems to have no necessary knowledge for these two doctors. But why do many people's battery information labels change after deep charging? This will be mentioned later.

Lithium-ion batteries are usually equipped with management chips and charging control chips. There are a series of registers in the management chip, including values such as capacity, temperature, ID, charging status, and discharge time. These numbers

It changes over time. Personally, I think that the instructions for the use of important functions should be fully charged and discharged once a month or so, which should correct the improper values of these registers, so that the battery's charging control and the nominal capacity of the battery are consistent with the actual situation of the battery.

The charging control chip is important for controlling the charging process of the battery. The charging process of a lithium-ion battery is divided into two stages: a constant current fast charging stage (the battery indicator light is yellow) and a constant voltage current drop stage (the battery indicator light is green).

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