1) Good safety

　　The positive and negative electrolytes used in vanadium batteries are highly nonflammable inorganic aqueous solutions (which will be highlighted in the following chapters). How safe are they? Even if the positive and negative electrolyte accidentally mix, do not worry. Everyone belongs to the vanadium ion family (the positive electrolyte is 5-valent vanadium and 4-valent vanadium, and the negative electrolyte is 3-valent vanadium and 2-valent vanadium), so it is impossible to "fight hard".

　　Someone has to ask, what should I do if the temperature of the battery is too high during operation? Indeed, like lithium batteries and sodium ion batteries, vanadium batteries also generate heat during charging and discharging. However, during the charging and discharging process of vanadium battery, the electrolyte is circulating, and the heat generated in the stack can be easily dissipated through the heat exchanger on the transmission pipeline.

　　Because of this, the thermal management system of vanadium battery has low cost and is easy to design and maintain. Generally, direct cooling or air cooling is adopted for thermal management, similar to the cooling system in the engine compartment of an automobile. When the electrolyte temperature rises to a certain extent, the cooling system will start, so as to keep the battery system operating in the most efficient temperature range.

　　2) Good battery consistency

　　For a single battery, such as a built-in cell phone battery or a two wheel electric vehicle, it is unnecessary to consider the battery uniformity too much. However, if it is a battery pack system composed of a large number of batteries in series, the battery consistency can become an important indicator.

　　Generally, an electric vehicle with a square battery pack has more than 100 electric cells, while Tesla's cylindrical battery has thousands of electric cells. With the operation of battery charging and discharging, the internal resistance, state of charge, temperature, etc. of a single battery will change to varying degrees, leading to a gradual increase in diversity, which increases the risk of safe and reliable operation of the battery system. Therefore, lithium battery enterprises are also constantly improving the consistency of batteries in the manufacturing process.

　　For vanadium batteries, the electrolyte solution is always circulating. The positive and negative electrolyte are drawn from their respective storage tanks and containers, and finally enter the stack with the same state, naturally with good consistency.

　　3) Long service life

　　First of all, let's draw a conclusion that vanadium batteries are very long-lived. How to achieve this? Because the electrolyte of vanadium battery does not change in biological phase like most other batteries during charging and discharging (note: it will not generate new substances, it is always vanadium ions, but only different valence states), the loss of battery capacity is very small, so the life of vanadium battery can often exceed ten years.

　　During this period, when the battery is used for a long time and its performance declines, certain performance can be restored by repairing the electrolyte activity. If the service life of vanadium battery system expires, the electrolyte will not be wasted. It can be used in new battery systems or purified as vanadium resources to finally realize the recycling of electrolyte.

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