Lithium, atomic number 3, atomic weight 6.941, is the lightest alkali metal element. In order to improve safety and voltage, scientists invented materials such as graphite and lithium cobalate to store lithium atoms. The molecular structure of these materials forms nano scale small storage lattice, which can be used to store lithium atoms. In this way, even if the battery shell is broken and oxygen enters, the oxygen molecules will be too large to enter these small storage cells, so that lithium atoms will not contact with oxygen to avoid explosion.

　　This principle of lithium ion battery enables people to achieve the goal of safety while obtaining its high capacity density. When a lithium ion battery is charged, the lithium atom of the positive electrode will lose electrons and be oxidized into lithium ions. Lithium ions flow to the negative electrode through the electrolyte, enter the storage cell of the negative electrode, and obtain an electron, which is reduced to lithium atoms. When discharging, the whole procedure is reversed. In order to prevent short circuit caused by direct contact between the positive and negative poles of the battery, a diaphragm paper with many fine holes will be added to the battery to prevent short circuit. A good separator paper can also automatically close the pores when the battery temperature is too high, so that lithium ions cannot pass through, so as to waste martial arts and prevent danger.

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