6LR61 alkaline battery can be divided into three types according to different electrolytes. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these three technologies?

In recent years, with the gradual improvement of my country's new energy vehicle industry chain, companies in the power battery industry have also completed their early technical accumulation, and a number of leading companies with both technical strength and capital scale, represented by CATL and BYD, have emerged. After the cancellation of the power battery whitelist in 2019, they officially participated in the global competition with LG Chem, Panasonic and other companies from various countries.

Lithium-ion batteries have gradually become the main battery type in the field of new energy vehicles because of their light weight, high specific energy and long life compared to other types of batteries such as lead-acid. According to data, since lithium-ion power batteries began to be used in new energy vehicles in 2008, the actual energy density of current power batteries has increased by more than 2.5 times compared to the initial 100WH/KG. On the other hand, while the current battery technology is constantly improving, it is also gradually approaching the theoretical energy density upper limit of traditional positive and negative electrode materials, diaphragms, and electrolyte power battery systems, and it is difficult to improve it. Solid-state battery technology provides new possibilities for the industry to explore in this field.

Solid-state battery, that is, all-solid-state lithium secondary battery. In the traditional liquid lithium-ion power battery system, the materials used for the positive and negative electrodes largely determine the battery's own charge, that is, the energy density, while the electrolyte and the diaphragm exist in the battery structure as the transmission medium of lithium ions. In the structure of 6LR61 alkaline battery, because its solid electrolyte can both conduct lithium ions and act as a diaphragm, in 6LR61 alkaline battery, electrolytes, electrolyte salt diaphragms and adhesives such as polyvinylidene fluoride can be omitted. At the same time, because its solid electrolyte is generally more stable in structure, and its electrolyte is not easy to leak, easy to package and has a wide working range, its safety and operability have also been significantly improved.

At present, the mainstream 6LR61 alkaline battery on the market can be divided into three types according to the different electrolytes: polymers, sulfides and oxides. Among them, polymer electrolytes belong to organic electrolytes, and the latter two belong to inorganic electrolytes.

Polymer solid state: The current mainstream route for polymers is poly POE and its derivative materials, which have good high-temperature performance. However, in contrast, although the ionic conductivity of PEO-based electrolytes is improved at high temperatures above 60 degrees, the mechanical properties are reduced at this time because the polymer is in a melted state. In the greenhouse, the polymer has high mechanical strength, but its conductivity is not high. Therefore, finding the balance between polymer conductivity and mechanical strength is one of the problems that the industry urgently needs to solve. In addition, polymers generally have a narrow electrochemical window, and the electrolyte is easily electrolyzed when the potential difference is too large (>4V), which makes the performance upper limit of the polymer low. Other types of polymer electrolytes, such as PVCA, have a relatively stable chemical window (4.5V) and relatively suitable ionic conductivity, but the high price of VC makes it difficult to commercialize on a large scale.

Sulfide solid state: The comprehensive performance of sulfide electrolyte solid state battery is the best among the three types of batteries currently. It is relatively soft and has even higher ionic conductivity than traditional liquid electrolytes. However, sulfide electrolytes are very easy to react with water and oxygen in the air to produce toxic gases such as H2C, which invisibly increases the difficulty of its manufacturing and greatly increases the manufacturing cost. Therefore, to a certain extent, it limits its large-scale commercial use. In addition, sulfide electrolytes have problems with the interface contact between the positive and negative electrodes and contact stability. Although the industry has designed double-layer electrolyte technology to improve it to a certain extent, it still cannot be completely eliminated.

Oxide solid state: At present, the most promising oxide electrolytes are GARNET, LISICON, and NASICON. Among them, GARNET electrolyte has a higher room temperature ionic conductivity (10-3S/cm). However, the metal lithium wettability of GARNET electrolyte is poor. When the battery is deposited unevenly during the continuous charge and discharge cycle, lithium dendrites are easily generated, which poses certain safety hazards. However, studies have shown that this problem can be effectively solved by inserting polymer or gel electrolyte as a buffer layer, or sputtering materials that can form an alloy layer with lithium. LISICON-type materials have high conductivity, but are sensitive to H2O and CO2, so they are unstable in the air and have poor stability to metallic lithium. At present, zirconium can be doped to prevent phase separation and greatly improve its stability. NASICON has relatively good performance, with relatively stable structure, simple synthesis, strong conductivity and other advantages, but the electrolyte raw materials contain precious metals such as germanium and titanium, which also makes it difficult to apply it on a large scale.

In general, in the current mainstream solid-state battery system, sulfide 6LR61 alkaline battery have extremely harsh production environment requirements due to their own manufacturing process and cost issues. At the same time, they are prone to produce harmful gases such as H2C, which has serious safety hazards. Therefore, although the performance is the best, it is difficult to industrialize. In terms of polymers, there are problems such as poor charging rate and extremely low energy density. At the same time, they can only work normally at above 60 degrees, so they are also difficult to use as power batteries. Oxide 6LR61 alkaline battery have more comprehensive performance and cost, and relatively low technical difficulty. At present, they are undoubtedly more likely to become the main technical route for future 6LR61 alkaline battery. SMM

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