What are the factors affecting the compaction density of positive electrode plates in lithium batteries?

　　1. Material true density: The true density of different positive electrode materials can affect the compaction density. For example, the true density of lithium cobalt oxide is greater than that of ternary materials, which in turn are greater than that of lithium manganese oxide and lithium iron phosphate.

　　2. Material morphology: Differences in material morphology can affect its compaction density. For example, lithium cobalt oxide is a single crystal large particle, while ternary materials are secondary aggregates of small single crystals. The morphology of ternary materials results in lower compaction density.

　　3. Material particle size distribution: A suitable particle size distribution can increase the compaction density of the material, while an unreasonable distribution can lead to a decrease in compaction density. Narrow or wide particle size distribution is not conducive to improving compaction density.

　　4. Pole plate process: The surface density of the pole plate, the amount of adhesive and conductive agent used, all affect the compaction density. In addition, the rolling temperature and pass of the electrode also affect the consistency of the electrode thickness, which in turn affects the performance of the battery.

　　5. Overvoltage problem: Excessive pursuit of high voltage density may lead to reduced battery capacity, deteriorated cycling performance, increased internal resistance, and other issues. Overvoltage of the electrode can cause large areas of material particles to break, affecting battery performance.

　　6. Polarized porosity: Polarized porosity is an important indicator for determining the amount and rate of liquid absorption of electrodes, and has a direct impact on battery performance. Low porosity will reduce the infiltration rate of electrolyte on the electrode, affecting the performance of the battery, while high porosity will reduce the energy density of the battery.

　　7. The relationship between compaction density and battery performance: The size of compaction density directly affects the discharge capacity, internal resistance, polarization loss, and cycle life of the battery. Appropriate compaction density can improve battery performance, but excessive or insufficient compaction density is not conducive to the insertion and extraction of lithium ions.

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