Introduction to Nickel Hydride No. 5 batteries voltage knowledge

The measurement units of lithium-ion batteries are operating voltage (V), milliampere-hour (mAh), and watt-hour (Wh) which is common on laptop batteries. Usually when we compare the size of battery capacity, we often use milliampere-hour (mAh) as the unit of comparison. For example, the rechargeable battery of the four-wheel drive car we played with when we were young, the battery in the mobile phone, and the battery of the mobile power bank.

Lithium-ion batteries must be used with a suitable battery management system, otherwise it is very dangerous. Lithium-ion batteries with lithium-ion battery management systems are generally called lithium-ion battery PACKs.

The nominal voltage of a single Nickel Hydride No. 5 batteries is 3.7V, and the normal voltage range is 2.5V-4.25V. Lithium-ion batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. Their safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance-price ratio are all better than lithium-ion batteries.

The demand for lithium-ion batteries in each field is different. For example, mobile phones require more battery life and volume, electric vehicles require more safety and battery life, and aircraft models and drones require more discharge rates.

1. Working voltage: refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery when the battery is in working state, that is, when current flows through the circuit, also known as load voltage. In the battery discharge working state, when the current flows through the battery, it must overcome the resistance of the internal resistance, so the working voltage is always lower than the open circuit voltage.

2. Charging limit voltage: the voltage when constant current changes to constant voltage charging during charging.

3. Open circuit voltage: refers to the voltage of the battery when there is no external circuit or external load connected. The open circuit voltage has a certain relationship with the remaining energy of the battery, and the power display uses this principle.

4. Discharge cut-off voltage: refers to the voltage reached when the battery is fully charged and discharged (if the discharge continues, it is over-discharge, which will damage the battery life and performance).

The working voltage of lithium-ion battery cells is 3.7V or 3.2V. The voltage of a single lithium-ion battery is 3.7V (3.2V for the positive electrode of lithium iron phosphate), and the capacity of a lithium-ion battery cannot be infinite. Therefore, single lithium-ion batteries are often connected in series or parallel to meet the requirements of different occasions.

Generally speaking, the nominal voltage is the center voltage of the platform voltage. Near this voltage, the voltage changes very slowly during charging and discharging. For example: the platform voltage of a nominal 3.7V Nickel Hydride No. 5 batteries is around 3.7V, and the platform voltage of a nominal 3.2V lithium iron ion battery is around 3.2V.

The charging voltage of lithium-ion batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries is different. The maximum charging voltage of a single lithium-ion battery (3.6V) is 4.2V. Exceeding this voltage will cause the lithium-ion battery to overheat or even explode. Therefore, a special charger should be used to charge lithium-ion batteries. A 12V Nickel Hydride No. 5 batteries charger can be used to charge a 12V Nickel Hydride No. 5 batteries pack.

The voltage of lithium-ion batteries ranges from 2.5V to 4.2V when working. When the voltage is less than 2.5V, the battery discharge is terminated. At the same time, because the discharge circuit is closed, the current loss of the internal protection circuit is also minimized. Of course, in actual applications, due to different internal materials, the discharge termination voltage can be in the range of 2.5V-3.0V. When the voltage exceeds 4.2V, the charging circuit is terminated to protect the battery safety; and when the operating voltage of a single lithium-ion battery drops below 3.0V, we can consider it to be in an over-discharge state, and the discharge circuit is terminated to protect the battery safety.

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