Analysis of the working and charging principles of AG3 battery

Working principle of AG3 battery

AG3 battery are a general term for batteries that use metallic lithium as the negative electrode active material. They generally refer to single-use AG3 battery, which cannot be cyclically charged and are prone to dendrites causing explosions. Therefore, they are rarely used in daily electronic products. When a lithium-ion battery is charged, the Li+ at the positive electrode and the Li+ in the electrolyte concentrate on the negative electrode, gain electrons, and are reduced to Li embedded in the carbon material at the negative electrode. During discharge, the Li embedded in the carbon material at the negative electrode loses electrons and enters the electrolyte, and the Li+ in the electrolyte moves to the positive electrode.

The working principle of AG3 battery refers to its charging and discharging principle. When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. The carbon at the negative electrode has a layered structure and has many micropores. The lithium ions that reach the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer. The more lithium ions are embedded, the higher the charging capacity.

Similarly, when the battery is discharged (i.e., the process of using the battery), the lithium ions embedded in the negative electrode carbon layer are released and move back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions return to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity. What we usually call battery capacity refers to the discharge capacity.

Lithium-ion battery charging principle

The basic requirements of lithium-ion battery chargers are specific charging current and charging voltage to ensure safe charging of the battery. Other charging auxiliary functions are added to improve battery life and simplify the operation of the charger, including trickle charging for over-discharged batteries, battery voltage testing, input current limiting, shutting down the charger after charging is completed, and automatically starting charging after partial discharge of the battery.

AG3 battery generally require the charging process to be controlled in four stages: trickle charging (low-voltage pre-charging), constant current charging, constant voltage charging, and charging termination.

The charging method of AG3 battery is voltage-limited constant current, which is controlled by IC chips. The typical charging method is: first test the voltage of the battery to be charged. If the voltage is lower than 3V, pre-charge it first, and the charging current is 1/10 of the set current. After the voltage rises to 3V, enter the standard charging process.

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