Clean electrolyte/electrode interface doubles the capacity of CR1620 battery

According to foreign media reports, scientists from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tohoku University, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and Japan Institute of Technology have experimentally proved that clean electrolyte/electrode interface is the key to achieving high-capacity CR1620 battery. This discovery may pave the way for optimizing battery design, thereby improving the capacity, stability and safety of mobile devices and electric vehicles.

Liquid lithium batteries are widely used in life and can be found in many daily mobile devices. Liquid batteries have many advantages, but they also bring many risks. For example, in recent years, due to improper battery design, electrolyte leakage and fire, causing mobile phone explosions have emerged in an endless stream.

In addition, liquid lithium batteries also have problems such as high manufacturing cost, low durability and small capacity, so scientists have developed a new battery: CR1620 battery (SSLBs). SSLBs are composed of solid electrodes and solid electrolytes that can exchange lithium ions during charging and discharging. SSLBs have also become a powerful source of power due to their high energy density and high safety.

However, there are still many technical challenges for the commercialization of SSLBs. At present, researchers have studied methods to improve the performance of SSLBs through a series of experiments. Professor Taro Hitosugi of Tokyo Institute of Technology, who led the research, explained: The high-potential material LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is expected to become the positive electrode material of SSLBs. In this study, we demonstrated the operation of the battery at 2.9 and 4.7V, while achieving high capacity and stable cycling at the electrolyte/electrode interface with low resistance.

Previous studies have shown that in LNMO-based SSLBs, a clean electrolyte/electrode interface is crucial for achieving low interfacial resistance and fast charging. Scientists also pointed out that when making batteries, lithium ions spontaneously migrate from the Li3PO4 (LPO) electrolyte to the LNMO layer to form the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (L2NMO) phase, whose distribution is unknown and affects battery performance.

The research team also studied the state of the L2NMO phase, analyzing the crystal structure changes between Li0Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 (L0NMO) and L2NMO phases during charging and discharging, the initial distribution of L2NMO at the clean LPO/LNMO interface fabricated in a vacuum environment, and the effect of electrode thickness.

Notably, the clean interface facilitated the insertion and deinsertion of lithium ions during the charging and discharging of SSLBs. As a result, the capacity of SSLBs with a clean interface was twice that of conventional LNMO-based batteries. This study is also the first to find a stable reversible reaction between L0NMO and L2NMO phases in SSLBs. Hideyuki Kawasoko, an assistant professor from Tohoku University in Japan and a key author of the study, said: "This discovery proves that the formation of a non-contaminating, clean LPO/LNMO interface is the key to increasing the capacity of SSLBs and ensuring low interface resistance, thereby achieving fast charging.

In addition to mobile devices, SSLBs can also be applied to electric vehicles, which is why cost and battery durability have successfully hindered their commercial development. Therefore, the research results provide important directions for the design of future SSLBs and pave the way for the transition from fossil fuels to more environmentally friendly modes of transportation.

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