Power r6 battery technology is becoming more diversified, and ternary lithium batteries are the mainstream

Recently, foreign media reported that South Korea's three major battery manufacturers LG Chem, Samsung SDI and SK Innovation intend to jointly develop core battery technology and set up a foundation with a scale of 100 billion won (about 90 million US dollars) to try to create the next generation of battery industry ecosystem.

With the trend of accelerating electrification of global transportation, the demand for power batteries is increasing. Developing the next generation of power battery technology, improving battery energy density, and solving battery safety management issues are becoming the focus of battery manufacturers. Will high-nickel batteries that meet national high energy density standards become the development direction of future batteries? What is the next power battery technology?

Ternary lithium batteries have become mainstream

Looking back on the history of power battery development in my country, the technological progress of domestic manufacturers is extraordinary. From the initial mainstream of lithium iron phosphate batteries, to the ternary lithium batteries catching up in 2015, and then to the first half of this year, ternary lithium batteries replaced lithium iron phosphate batteries as the mainstream battery, but in just three years.

At present, the domestic ternary r6 battery system is all nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM). Nickel plays a role in improving the energy density of the material. According to the different proportions of the three transition metal ions, it is divided into low-nickel NCM424, NCM333, NCM523 and high-nickel NCM622, NCM811 and other materials. Its industrialization process is mainly from low-nickel 333, 523 and other materials to high-nickel 622, 811.

High nickel formation trend

As we all know, if new energy vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles, want to truly gain market recognition, one of the important indicators is to solve consumers' mileage anxiety. To solve mileage anxiety, high-energy-density batteries must be provided. With the rising international cobalt prices, for the dual considerations of reducing costs and increasing energy density, increasing the proportion of nickel in the ternary material system seems to have become the best choice.

"As for cylindrical batteries, 523 is the main type at present. There may be 5%-10% of batteries that have switched from the original 622 to 811. On the one hand, it is affected by the price of cobalt, and on the other hand, it is affected by the subsidy standard." Chen Yanbin said that the development of high nickel content in ternary materials is the general trend, but how to develop and what rhythm to adopt depends on whether the battery technology is strong enough and the cost control ability is strong enough.

The reporter learned that the energy density of power batteries currently needs to reach 140Wh/kg to get the corresponding coefficient of subsidies, so that many manufacturers over-value energy density, but the resulting safety risks cannot be ignored. In this regard, Deng Zhongyi, president of Mengshi Technology Research Institute, pointed out that "pure pursuit of energy density will result in a very high probability of vehicle accidents. Improving the energy density of power batteries is meaningful only if safety is guaranteed and the cost and life are acceptable."

As for the current status of high-nickel high-energy-density batteries, Li Fengmei, vice president of BYD Battery Management Center, believes that "the higher the nickel ratio, the worse the thermal stability of the entire positive electrode material. In the event of high temperature, external force impact, etc., high-nickel batteries will have safety hazards." The existence of safety red lines, coupled with the difficulty of technological breakthroughs, has long prevented the production progress of domestic high-nickel batteries from being ideal.

Recently, 811 batteries from domestic manufacturers such as CATL and Dangsheng Technology have begun to be launched on the market, which seems to prove that domestic manufacturers have gradually overcome the safety issues of high-nickel batteries ahead of Japan and South Korea, but whether my country can rely on the "Great Leap Forward" development of high nickel to complete the "overtaking on the curve" in power battery manufacturing, still needs to wait for the market and consumers to test.

Solid-state batteries are in the ascendant

The existing battery system is difficult to break through the energy density ceiling of 350Wh/kg. The unremitting pursuit of energy density can only be solved by adopting new lithium-ion battery systems. Among the many high-energy-density battery systems, solid-state batteries are undoubtedly the most promising choice at present. Not only is the technology relatively mature, but it also has the support of a group of international scholars. Therefore, many lithium-ion battery companies at home and abroad regard solid-state battery technology as an important next-generation technology reserve.

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