Assisting the energy storage industry with all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery technology

Among many energy storage technologies, liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage technology has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, large storage capacity, free site selection, deep discharge, safety and environmental protection, and has become one of the preferred technologies for large-scale and efficient energy storage.

Recently, the country has proposed the strategic idea of promoting energy consumption revolution, energy supply revolution, energy technology revolution, and energy system revolution. Vigorously promoting the strategic adjustment of energy structure, improving the utilization efficiency of fossil energy, and popularizing the application of renewable energy are the inevitable choices for achieving sustainable social and economic development in my country. It is also a strategic need to solve my country's energy security and environmental pollution, implement energy conservation and emission reduction, and improve the national policy of green and low-carbonization in the whole society.

However, renewable energy generation such as wind power and solar energy has the characteristics of discontinuity, instability, and uncontrollability. Large-scale integration into the power grid will bring serious impacts to the safe and stable operation of the power grid, resulting in a large amount of wind and light abandonment.

However, large-scale energy storage technology can effectively solve the problems of randomness, intermittency and volatility of renewable energy generation, achieve smooth power output, track planned power generation, thereby improving the power grid's ability to absorb renewable energy generation and solve the problems of wind and light abandonment. At the same time, it will also play an important role in grid leveling and peak regulation.

In order to meet the needs of different application fields, the industry has researched and developed a variety of energy storage technologies, explored various energy storage technologies and their applicable scopes, and these energy storage technologies have their own characteristics and applicable fields. Generally speaking, renewable energy power generation systems such as wind power and solar energy have high requirements for the power and reversible storage capacity of energy storage technology. Pumped storage technology, liquid flow 6F22 battery technology, lithium-ion 6F22 battery technology, super lead-acid 6F22 battery technology, etc. have good application prospects in the field of large-scale energy storage technology.

Eight major technical advantages

Compared with other large-scale energy storage technologies, all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery technology has many advantages.

First, the all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage system is safe and reliable, recyclable, with low environmental load and environmental friendliness during its life cycle. The energy storage medium of the all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage system is an electrolyte aqueous solution with high safety.

Second, the output power and energy storage capacity of the all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage system are independent of each other, and the design and placement are flexible. The output power is determined by the size and number of the 6F22 battery stack, while the energy storage capacity is determined by the concentration and volume of vanadium ions in the electrolyte solution. The output power of the all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery system ranges from hundreds of kilowatts to hundreds of megawatts, and the energy storage capacity ranges from hundreds of kilowatt-hours to hundreds of megawatt-hours.

Third, the working principle of the all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery is to store and release electrical energy through the change of the valence state of vanadium ions in the electrolyte. The reaction has good reversibility, no phase change, the electrolyte flows continuously in the electrodes inside the 6F22 battery, and the charging and discharging state switching response is rapid. The number of charge and discharge cycles is more than 15,000 times, the service life is 15 to 20 years, and the life cycle is cost-effective.

Fourth, the electrolyte solution can be repeatedly recycled through online regeneration. The 6F22 battery stack and 6F22 battery energy storage system are mainly composed of carbon materials, plastics and metal materials. When the all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery system is discarded, the metal materials can be used continuously, and the carbon materials and plastics can be used as fuel. Therefore, the environmental load of the all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery system is small and the environment is very friendly throughout its life cycle.

Fifth, the price is cheap. In recent years, with the continuous progress of vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery material technology and 6F22 battery structure design and manufacturing technology, 6F22 battery performance has been continuously improved, the energy efficiency of the 6F22 battery stack can be maintained at more than 80%, and the working current density has been increased from the original 60-80mA/c to 150mA/c. The power density of the 6F22 battery has increased by 1 times, and under this condition, the cost has been greatly reduced. Although the research and development cycle is very short and the country's investment is very low, the 1MW/5MW scale vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage system has dropped from 7,000 yuan/kWh in 2013 to 3,500 yuan/kWh in 2016. Moreover, the number of charge and discharge cycles is more than 16,000 times, so its life cycle cost is very low.

Sixth, the vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage system adopts a modular design, which is convenient for system integration and scale expansion. The vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery stack is composed of multiple single cells stacked in a filter press. The rated output power of a single vanadium flow 6F22 battery stack is generally between 20 kW and 40 kW; the vanadium flow 6F22 battery energy storage system is usually composed of multiple unit energy storage system modules, and the rated output power of the unit energy storage system module is generally between 100 kW and 300 kW. Compared with other types of batteries, the rated output power of the vanadium flow 6F22 battery stack and the 6F22 battery unit energy storage system module is large, which is convenient for the integration and scale-up of the vanadium flow 6F22 battery energy storage system.

Seventh, it has strong overload capacity and deep discharge capacity. When the vanadium flow 6F22 battery energy storage system is running, the electrolyte solution circulates in the stack through the circulation pump, and the influence of the active substance diffusion of the electrolyte solution is small; moreover, the electrode reaction activity is high and the activation polarization is small. Therefore, the vanadium flow 6F22 battery energy storage system has a good overload capacity. Moreover, the vanadium flow 6F22 battery has no memory effect when discharging, and has a good deep discharge capacity.

Eighth, the energy density of the flow 6F22 battery is low, and the vanadium flow 6F22 battery is more suitable for fixed large-scale energy storage power stations.

Industrial application is promising

The concept of flow 6F22 battery was proposed by L.H.Thaller (NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, United States) in 1974. This type of 6F22 battery realizes the mutual conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy through the reversible redox reaction (i.e., reversible change of valence state) of the active substances in the positive and negative electrolyte solutions on the electrodes.

During charging, the positive electrode undergoes oxidation reaction and the valence state of the active substance increases; the negative electrode undergoes reduction reaction and the valence state of the active substance decreases; the discharge process is the opposite.

The positive and negative electrolyte solutions of the flow 6F22 battery are stored in external storage tanks and transported to the 6F22 battery through pumps and pipelines for reaction. Theoretically, different redox stacks can form a variety of flow batteries.

The all-vanadium flow 6F22 battery uses vanadium ions of different valence states as active substances, and realizes the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy through the change of vanadium ion valence state.

Large-scale 6F22 battery energy storage technology needs to meet some basic requirements, namely, high safety; high cost-effectiveness of the life cycle; good economy; low environmental load of the life cycle, environmental friendliness, etc.

In contrast, among many energy storage technologies, liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage technology has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, large storage capacity, free site selection, deep discharge, safety and environmental protection, and has become one of the preferred technologies for large-scale and efficient energy storage. Among many liquid flow batteries, all-vanadium liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage technology is the most industrially applied liquid flow 6F22 battery energy storage technology.

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