Safety Classification and Protection Strategies for Lithium ion Batteries

　　The key issues that need to be considered for battery powered ships based on their own safety characteristics are: the safety of lithium-ion batteries themselves; Temperature rise monitoring and control of lithium-ion batteries; Prevention and monitoring of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries; Layout of lithium-ion batteries on board ships; Effective measures for extinguishing fires with lithium-ion batteries; Coordination between battery system and ship management system. This article proposes the concept of safety classification and multi-layer safety prevention and control strategies for battery ships to address the above issues.

　　Firstly, there are potential safety hazards associated with batteries. Batteries that may release toxic or flammable gases or pose risks of explosion, swelling, and leakage during normal use are prohibited for marine use. Secondly, provide safety classification evaluation criteria for batteries based on their chemical characteristics. Consider grading based on different manifestations after thermal runaway. Batteries with high risk of combustion (explosion) due to the release of oxygen and toxic flammable gases in the event of thermal runaway, with a safety level of 1; Batteries that only release toxic and flammable gases in the event of thermal runaway and have a low risk of combustion (explosion)

　　A battery with a safety level of 1 generates a large amount of oxygen and flammable gases under high temperature and thermal runaway, providing a combustion aid for the decomposition and combustion of the electrolyte. Moreover, thermal decomposition occurs at lower temperatures, resulting in a higher probability of thermal runaway. Once thermal runaway occurs, there is also a greater possibility of explosion and re ignition after extinguishing the fire. Therefore, the protection level must be increased; A battery with a safety level of 2 is safe and reliable when working normally. In the event of thermal runaway, it generally only releases white toxic and pungent (flammable) gas, and produces less open flames. With appropriate protection, it can be used on ships.

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