The use of CR2450 battery technology in energy storage power stations

CR2450 battery application scenarios can be divided into three types: consumption, power and energy storage. The earliest application was in consumer products such as mobile phones, laptops, digital cameras, etc., which currently account for about half of the global CR2450 battery shipments. With the increase in global demand for new energy vehicles, the proportion of power lithium batteries has increased year by year, currently accounting for more than 40%, and power batteries will become the main application scenario for lithium batteries in the future. According to the standard, power batteries with a capacity below 80% can no longer be used in new energy vehicles, while ordinary energy storage batteries have lower requirements. After the power batteries are retired, they can be used in energy storage systems with a little modification. Energy storage lithium batteries are also gradually gaining attention as an emerging application scenario. Energy storage is one of the important means to solve the intermittent volatility of new energy wind power and photovoltaic power generation and realize the function of "peak shaving and valley leveling".

At present, the mainstream energy storage lithium batteries are ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate. The power density is much higher than that of lead-carbon batteries. Relatively speaking, ternary lithium is higher than lithium iron phosphate.

In the energy storage system, lithium batteries, lead-carbon batteries, and lead-acid batteries all store electrical energy. There is no essential difference between them. The design and selection of battery capacity and charge and discharge current are the same. Compared with lead-acid batteries, CR2450 battery energy storage is a new thing. There is no standard product at present. Unlike lead-acid batteries, which have many specifications and models, manufacturers generally set specifications according to the amount of electricity. The biggest difference between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries is that lithium batteries must be equipped with a battery management system.

BMS battery management system

Lithium batteries have the advantages of light weight, large energy storage capacity, high power, no pollution, and long life. However, lithium batteries are very sensitive to overcurrent and overvoltage. Large-capacity batteries are composed of many small-capacity single cells (such as 18650) connected in series and parallel. If there are too many batteries in parallel, it is easy to cause unbalanced current in each branch, so a battery management system must be introduced to add control. Lead-acid batteries have many advantages, such as good high current characteristics, low self-discharge, stable performance, safe and clean. At present, the daily maintenance of lead-acid batteries is mainly completed manually, mainly for troubleshooting the connection status of the battery, terminal voltage, etc., and does not require a BMS battery management system.

The battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) is a device composed of microcomputer technology, detection technology, etc. It dynamically monitors the operating status of battery packs and battery cells, accurately measures the remaining power of the battery, and protects the battery from charge and discharge, and makes the battery work in the best state, so as to extend its service life and reduce operating costs, and further improve the reliability of the battery pack. The battery management system of electric vehicles should realize the following functions:

1---Accurately estimate the state of charge (State of Charge, SOC) of the power battery pack

That is, the remaining power of the battery, to ensure that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range, to prevent damage to the battery due to overcharging or over-discharging, so as to predict at any time how much energy is left in the hybrid vehicle energy storage battery or the state of charge of the energy storage battery.

2---Dynamic monitoring of the working status of the power battery pack

To ensure the safety of the battery, during the battery charging and discharging process, the terminal voltage and temperature, charging and discharging current and total voltage of each battery in the electric vehicle battery pack are collected in real time to prevent the battery from being overcharged or over-discharged.

3---Balance between single cells

That is, the single cell battery is charged evenly so that each battery in the battery pack reaches a balanced and consistent state. Balancing technology is a key technology of a battery energy management system that the world is currently committed to researching and developing.

Selection and design of lithium batteries

The energy storage system includes a bidirectional converter and a battery system. For example, a set of 21kW/42kWh energy storage means that the power of the bidirectional converter is 21kW and the power stored in the battery system is 42kWh. The CR2450 battery system includes battery cells and BMS battery management system, which are uniformly provided by the manufacturer. Pay attention to the following points when designing:

1. The energy storage CR2450 battery has a BMS system and needs to communicate with the inverter or the bidirectional energy storage converter PCS. It is necessary to select equipment with CR2450 battery function and corresponding communication interface function.

2. Compared with lead-acid batteries, energy storage lithium batteries have different charging and discharging currents, so special attention should be paid during design.

3. There is currently no unified specification for lithium batteries. The specifications of each manufacturer are different, and the BMS communication protocol is also different. It should be customized according to the specific requirements of the project.

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