18650 battery 3500mah lithium technology breakthroughs extend battery life/improve charging capacity

According to foreign media reports, a new study from Cornell University in the United States has improved the design of solid-state batteries. Solid-state batteries are inherently safer and have higher energy density than existing lithium-ion batteries, which rely on flammable liquid electrolytes to quickly transfer chemical energy stored in molecular bonds to electrical energy. Cornell University researchers converted liquid electrolytes into solid polymers inside electrochemical cells, taking advantage of the properties of liquids and solids to overcome key limitations that currently affect battery design.

Qing Zhao, a postdoctoral researcher and lead author of the study, said: "Imagine a glass full of ice cubes. Some ice cubes will touch the glass, but there are also gaps. But if the glass is filled with water and frozen, the interface will be completely covered, and a strong connection can be established between the ice cubes and the water in the glass. Using the same concept in batteries can promote high-rate transfer of ions from the solid surface of the battery electrode to the electrolyte without the need for flammable liquids."

The key to this solution is to introduce special molecules to trigger polymerization in the electrochemical cell without compromising other functions of the battery. If the electrolyte is a cyclic ether, the initiator can be designed to rip the ring apart, creating chains of reactive monomers that bond together to produce long chain-like molecules with essentially the same chemistry as the ether. Such strong polymers remain tightly connected at the metal interface, like ice cubes in a glass.

In addition to helping improve battery safety, solid-state electrolytes could help enable next-generation batteries to use metals such as lithium and aluminum as anodes, allowing for greater energy storage than today's most advanced battery technology. In this case, solid-state electrolytes prevent the metals from forming dendrites that can cause battery shorts, overheating, and failure. Despite the advantages of solid-state batteries, large-scale mass production has been hampered. High manufacturing costs and poor interface properties resulting from previous designs are significant technical barriers, and solid-state systems can stabilize battery thermal changes, eliminating the need for battery cooling.

According to the researchers, the in-situ technology for producing the new polymer electrolytes is expected to extend the cycle life and rechargeability of high-energy-density rechargeable metal batteries.

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